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Chenopodium album

L. (1753)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-CoreEudicot Order: Caryophyllales Family: Amaranthaceae Genus: Chenopodium

goosefoot, lamb's quarters, pakapakai (Ni‘ihau via St. John), pigweed

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Annual herbs.

Stems: Stems erect, 5–10(–15) dm long, with a usually stout central stem and ascending lateral branches, mealy pubescent or glabrate.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate. Blades variable, often rhombic–ovate to lanceolate, more than 1.5 times longer than wide, 3–6 cm long, 2–3 (–4) cm wide. Apex acute to obtuse. Base narrowly to broadly cuneate. Surfaces moderately to densely mealy. Margins irregularly sinuate–dentate to entire. Petioles ca. 0.5–4 cm long. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers in dense glomerules grouped into dense, nearly leafless, paniculate spikes. Flowers bisexual (perfect), small. Calyx (3–)5-lobed, ca. 1 mm long, completely enclosing the fruit at maturity, the lobes ovate, weakly or not keeled, mealy pubescent, margins scarious, persistent. Corolla (petals) absent. Stamens 1–5; anthers dithecal, opening by longitudinal slits. Ovary superior, 2–3(–5)-carpellate, 1-celled, placentation basal; ovule 1; styles 2–5; stigmas dry.

Fruit: Utricles. Seeds 1 per fruit; horizontal; 1.1–1.5 mm in diameter; margins obtuse; pericarp lightly roughened; not alveolate; usually attached to the seed.

Ploidy: 2n = 18; 36; 54

Habitat:

Elevation Range:

Historical Distribution

Images

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Synonyms (137)

Anserina candidans (Lam.) Montandon (1856)
Atriplex alba (L.) Crantz (1766)
Atriplex viridis (L.) Crantz (1766)
Blitum viride (L.) Moench (1794)
Botrys albus (L.) Nieuwl. (1914)
Botrys albus var. pauper Lunell (1916)
Botrys ferulatus (Lunell) Lunell (1916)
Botrys pagana (Rchb.) Lunell (1916)
Chenopodium acutifolium Phil. (1895)
Chenopodium agreste E.H.L.Krause (1901)
Chenopodium album (Misapplied)
Chenopodium album convar. melanocarpum Alef. (1866)
Chenopodium album f. cymigerum (W.D.J.Koch) Aellen (1943)
Chenopodium album f. dubium Arlt & Jüttersonke (1989)
Chenopodium album f. glomerulosum (Rchb.) Aellen (1929)
Chenopodium album f. heterophyllum Wang-Wei & P.Y.Fu (1959)
Chenopodium album f. integrifolium Wimm. & Grab. (1827)
Chenopodium album f. lanceolatum (Muhl. ex Willd.) Schinz & Thell. (1914)
Chenopodium album f. leiospermum Kuntze (1891)
Chenopodium album f. murorum Wimm. & Grab. (1827)
Chenopodium album f. oblongifolium Wimm. & Grab. (1827)
Chenopodium album f. opuliforme Aellen (1928)
Chenopodium album f. ovalifolium Aellen (1928)
Chenopodium album f. paucidentatum Aellen (1928)
Chenopodium album f. pseudofilicifolium Regel (1861)
Chenopodium album f. pseudozschackei Aellen (1928)
Chenopodium album f. spicatum (W.D.J.Koch) Aellen (1943)
Chenopodium album f. subhastatum Wimm. & Grab. (1827)
Chenopodium album f. viride (L.) Aellen (1929)
Chenopodium album f. viridescens (St.-Amans) Regel (1861)
Chenopodium album subf. corymbosodentatum Arlt & Jüttersonke (1989)
Chenopodium album subf. corymbosolanceolatum Arlt & Jüttersonke (1989)
Chenopodium album subf. cymigerum (W.D.J.Koch) Arlt & Jüttersonke (1989)
Chenopodium album subf. dubium Arlt & Jüttersonke (1989)
Chenopodium album subf. glomerulosum (Rchb.) Arlt & Jüttersonke (1989)
Chenopodium album subf. medium Arlt & Jüttersonke (1989)
Chenopodium album subf. ovalifolium Arlt & Jüttersonke (1989)
Chenopodium album subf. paucidens Arlt & Jüttersonke (1989)
Chenopodium album subf. thyrsoideum Arlt & Jüttersonke (1989)
Chenopodium album subsp. collinsii Murr (1904)
Chenopodium album subsp. densifoliatum Ludw. & Aellen (1931)
Chenopodium album subsp. ovatum Aellen (1928)
Chenopodium album subsp. pedunculare (Bertol.) Arcang. (1882)
Chenopodium album subsp. viride (L.) Arcang. (1882)
Chenopodium album subvar. cymigerum (W.D.J.Koch) Arlt & Jüttersonke (1989)
Chenopodium album var. album
Chenopodium album var. bicolor Moq. (1849)
Chenopodium album var. candicans Moq. (1849)
Chenopodium album var. candicans (Misapplied)
Chenopodium album var. ceretanum Sennen
Chenopodium album var. commune Moq. (1849)
Chenopodium album var. coronatum Beauge (1973)
Chenopodium album var. corymbosopaniculatum Wimm. & Grab. (1827)
Chenopodium album var. cymigerum W.D.J.Koch (1837)
Chenopodium album var. dacoticum Aellen (1929)
Chenopodium album var. desertorum Kuntze (1898)
Chenopodium album var. glomerulosum (Rchb.) Peterm. (1846)
Chenopodium album var. heterophyllum Fenzl (1851)
Chenopodium album var. incanum Moq. (1840)
Chenopodium album var. incrassatum Gray (1822)
Chenopodium album var. integerrimum Gray (1822)
Chenopodium album var. integrifolium St.-Lag. (1889)
Chenopodium album var. lanceolatum (Muhl. ex Willd.) Coss. & Germ (1845)
Chenopodium album var. laxiflorum Wang-Wei & P.Y.Fu (1959)
Chenopodium album var. oblongum Vis. (1842)
Chenopodium album var. obtusatum Gaudin (1828)
Chenopodium album var. paganum (Rchb.) Syme (1868)
Chenopodium album var. pedunculare (Bertol.) Moq. (1849)
Chenopodium album var. polycarpum Sennen
Chenopodium album var. polymorphum Aellen (1943)
Chenopodium album var. purpureum Ciocârlan (2009)
Chenopodium album var. rotundifolium Gray (1822)
Chenopodium album var. spicatum W.D.J.Koch (1837)
Chenopodium album var. stevensii Aellen (1929)
Chenopodium album var. striatiforme Murr (1902)
Chenopodium album var. subaphyllum (Phil.) Reiche (1911)
Chenopodium album var. virescens Wahlenb. (1824)
Chenopodium album var. viride (L.) Mérat (1812)
Chenopodium album var. viridescens St.-Amans (1818)
Chenopodium bicolor Bojer ex Moq. (1849)
Chenopodium browneanum Schult. (1820)
Chenopodium candicans Lam. (1779)
Chenopodium catenulatum Schleich. ex Steud. (1840)
Chenopodium concatenatum Willd. (1809)
Chenopodium densifoliatum (Ludw. & Aellen) F.Dvorák (1987)
Chenopodium divaricatum Andrz. (1862)
Chenopodium diversifolium var. montuosum F.Dvorák (1993)
Chenopodium elatum Shuttlew. ex Moq. (1849)
Chenopodium ferulatum Lunell (1914)
Chenopodium glomerulosum Rchb. (1832)
Chenopodium laciniatum Roxb. (1824)
Chenopodium lanceolatum R.Br. (1810)
Chenopodium lanceolatum f. opizii F.Dvorák (1987)
Chenopodium lanceolatum f. sessiliflorum F.Dvorák (1987)
Chenopodium lanceolatum var. antiquitum F.Dvorák (1993)
Chenopodium leiospermum DC. (1805)
Chenopodium lobatum (Prodan) F.Dvorák (1987)
Chenopodium missouriense Aellen (1928)
Chenopodium missouriense var. bushianum Aellen (1929)
Chenopodium neglectum Dumort. (1865)
Chenopodium neoalbum F.Dvorák (1992)
Chenopodium opulaceum Neck. (1768)
Chenopodium ovalifolium F.Dvorák (1987)
Chenopodium paganum Rchb. (1832)
Chenopodium paucidentatum (Aellen) F.Dvořák (1987)
Chenopodium pedunculare Bertol. (1837)
Chenopodium praeacutum Murr (1901)
Chenopodium praeacutum f. paniculoglomeruliferum F.Dvorák (1986)
Chenopodium praeacutum f. peduncularifolium F.Dvorák (1986)
Chenopodium probstii Aellen (1928)
Chenopodium probstii f. lanceolatum Aellen (1931)
Chenopodium probstii f. parvoangustifolium Aellen (1931)
Chenopodium probstii var. glaucescens F.Dvorák (1994)
Chenopodium pseudoborbasii f. aellenii F.Dvorák (1986)
Chenopodium pseudoborbasii f. albiforme F.Dvorák (1986)
Chenopodium pseudoborbasii f. borbasiiforme F.Dvorák (1986)
Chenopodium pseudoborbasii f. longipedicellatum F.Dvorák (1986)
Chenopodium pseudoborbasii f. ramosum F.Dvorák (1986)
Chenopodium pseudoborbasii var. austromoravicum F.Dvorák (1992)
Chenopodium riparium Boenn. ex Moq. (1849)
Chenopodium rugosum Aellen (1928)
Chenopodium serotinum C.A.Mey. (1829)
Chenopodium strictum Roth (1821)
Chenopodium subaphyllum Phil. (1895)
Chenopodium superalbum F.Dvorák (1986)
Chenopodium superalbum f. kuehnii F.Dvorák (1986)
Chenopodium viride L. (1753)
Chenopodium viride var. album (L.) Hartm. (1820)
Chenopodium viride var. paniculatum Hartm. (1832)
Chenopodium viridescens (St.-Amans) Dalla Torre & Sarnth. (1909)
Chenopodium vulgare Gueldenst. ex Ledeb. (1851)
Chenopodium vulpinum Buch.-Ham. (1832)
Chenopodium zobelii f. hircinifolium Aellen (1931)
Chenopodium zobelii f. multidentatum Aellen (1931)
Chenopodium × borbasioides f. hircinifolium (Aellen) Hyl. (1945)
Salsola stricta (Roth) Spreng. (1824)
Vulvaria albescens Bubani (1897)

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Naturalized

Island Status

O'ahu Naturalized
Maui Naturalized
Hawai'i Naturalized

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Sp. Pl.: 219 (1753)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:537 (EM); Staples et al. 2002:7 (H); Oppenheimer 2003:9 (WM); Ross & Faccenda 2023b:201, 203 (O, KEY)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Chenopodium album E Maui, Makawao District, Kula, Kaonoulu, mauka of Rice Park Locally common along disturbed rural roadside Preserved_Specimen Upright herbs to 1m tall; stems purple Oppenheimer, H.L. 30902 Maui BISH 2009-03-07
2 Chenopodium album East Maui, Kula A roadside and garden weed. Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 2595 Maui BISH 1986-07-01
3 Chenopodium album East Maui, Kula Along highway. Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 2634 Maui BISH 1986-10-08
4 Chenopodium album East Maui, Kula Along highway. Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 2634 Maui BISH 1986-10-08
5 Chenopodium album S. Kohala, pasture near base of Nohonaohae cinder cone grasses, Malva parviflora Preserved_Specimen parts dark red Davis, J. 721 Hawaii BISH 1982-04-05
6 Chenopodium album Western slope of Mauna Kea, west of Puu Laau Growing in understory of very open Sophora/Myoporum forest, along with Lepidium, Bromus, Plantago, Senecio madagascariensis. Preserved_Specimen Common herb in the area. Imada, C. 200021 Hawaii BISH 2000-09-23
7 Chenopodium album East Maui, Kula Along highway. Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 2634 Maui BISH 1986-10-08
8 Chenopodium album South Kohala District. Collected east of Queen Kaahumanu Highway between Mauna Lani Drive and Puako turn off Dry area with scant vegetation; open grassland with scattered Prosopis pallida. Preserved_Specimen Funk, E.J. Hawaii BISH 1991-02-04
9 Chenopodium album East Maui, Kula District A weed along roadsides and farm fields. Preserved_Specimen Erect with several short branches, 1-1.7 M tall. Hobdy, R.W. 2573 Maui BISH 1986-06-19
10 Chenopodium album W Maui, Lahaina District, Honolua, between Honolua Valley and Mokupea Gulch, N of Puu Kaeo Growing in pasture. Preserved_Specimen Oppenheimer, H.L. 60156 Maui BISH 2001-06-27
11 Chenopodium album East Maui, Kula Preserved_Specimen A roadside and garden weed. Hobdy, R.W. 2595 Maui BISH 1986-07-01
12 Chenopodium album Kula Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. Maui BISH 1985-11-06
13 Chenopodium album Kekaulike Hwy., margin of gulch Preserved_Specimen Plants up to 1m. tall. Wagner, W.L. 5673 Maui BISH 1986-07-12
14 Chenopodium album East Maui, Kula Preserved_Specimen A roadside and garden weed. Hobdy, R.W. 2595 Maui BISH 1986-07-01
15 Chenopodium album East Maui, Kula District Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 2598 Maui BISH 1986-07-01
16 Chenopodium album East Maui, Kula District Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 2597 Maui BISH 1986-07-01
17 Chenopodium album East Maui, Kula District Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 2596 Maui BISH 1986-07-01
18 Chenopodium album East Maui, Kula District Preserved_Specimen A roadside weed. Hobdy, R.W. 2633 Maui BISH 1986-10-08
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